What can you do about your dog's separation-related behaviours?

Many dogs enjoy being close to their families. They learn our routines, follow us around the house, and often take great comfort from our company.

But when routines change – such as after the summer holidays, a house move, or a new working pattern – some dogs can find time alone more difficult. This can lead to what we often call separation-related behaviours.

These are usually signs that your dog is feeling worried, frustrated or unable to cope when left, rather than them being naughty or stubborn.

What are separation-related behaviours?

Separation-related behaviours can happen when a dog is left completely alone, separated from a particular person, or unable to access the area of the home where their family is.

Common signs include:

• Barking, whining or howling

• Pacing or restlessness

• Scratching at doors

• Chewing or destructive behaviour

• Toileting indoors

• Drooling or panting

• Trying to escape

• Ignoring food or treats when left

• Becoming very unsettled before you leave

• Being overly excited or distressed when you return

Some dogs show obvious signs, while others are quieter. A dog who lies by the door, does not sleep, refuses food, or seems tense while alone may still be struggling.

Why does it happen?

There is rarely one single reason. Some dogs are naturally more sensitive, while others may develop difficulties after a stressful event or change in routine.

Dogs who have recently been rehomed, puppies and adolescent dogs, older dogs, dogs with previous negative experiences, and dogs who have been used to constant company may be more likely to struggle.

Pain or illness can also make a dog feel less secure when left. If separation-related behaviours appear suddenly, or your dog’s behaviour changes in other ways too, it’s sensible to speak to your vet.

Build confidence gradually

The best way to prevent separation-related behaviours is by helping your dog feel safe and confident when you’re apart.

Start with very short separations while you are still at home. This could mean encouraging your dog to settle on a bed while you move around the room, step briefly behind a baby gate, or spend a few minutes in another part of the house.

Keep it calm and positive. The aim is for your dog to learn that being apart from you is normal, safe and not something to worry about.

Take it easy and build up slowly. If your dog becomes distressed, the step may have been too big.

Create a predictable leaving routine

Dogs are very good at noticing departure cues, such as picking up keys, putting on shoes or packing a bag. For some dogs, these cues can start anxiety before you even leave.

A calm, predictable routine can help. Try to avoid lots of fuss before leaving or when returning home. Give your dog time to settle, and keep arrivals and departures low-key.

Some dogs find it helpful to have a safe chew, lick mat or puzzle toy before a short absence, but only if they are relaxed enough to enjoy it. If your dog ignores food when left, that can be a sign they are not coping.

Make alone time comfortable

Your dog should have a safe, comfortable place to rest while you are away. This might be a bed, crate, pen or familiar room, depending on what your dog is used to and where they feel secure.

Make sure they have access to water, suitable bedding and a comfortable temperature. Background noise, such as quiet radio or household sounds, may help some dogs, but it will not suit every pet.

A walk, sniffing activity or short training session before you leave can help some dogs settle, as long as they are not overstimulated.

Avoid sudden long absences

If your dog has had lots of company during holidays or a change in routine, try not to jump straight back into long periods alone.

Practise short, relaxed absences first, then increase gradually if your dog remains calm. Using a pet camera can sometimes help you see how your dog behaves when you are not there.

If your dog is already distressed when left, avoid leaving them to “cry it out”. This can increase anxiety and make the problem worse.

When to ask for help

Separation-related behaviours can improve with the right support, but they are easier to manage when addressed early.

Talk to us if your dog is barking, howling, toileting indoors, chewing, scratching at doors, trying to escape, drooling, panting, pacing, or becoming very distressed when left.

Your vet can help check whether pain, illness or anxiety may be contributing and can guide you towards suitable behaviour support if needed. If you'd like tailored advice about your dog – we're always happy to help, book an appointment today.

Quick tips

• Practise short, calm separations before longer absences.

• Build up alone time gradually.

• Keep departures and arrivals low-key.

• Provide a safe, comfortable resting area.

• Use chews, lick mats or puzzle toys only if your dog stays relaxed.

• Do not leave a distressed dog to “cry it out”.

• Speak to your vet if your dog is struggling when left.